Background Acute psychological stress activates the sympatho-adrenal medullary (SAM)
system and hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. The relevance of this stress reactivity …

Stress responses help us navigate our environment and respond appropriately to threats.
Stress systems communicate threats to the entire organism, and as such, also stimulate …

Life stress is a central construct in health research because it is associated with increased
risk for a variety of serious mental and physical health problems, including anxiety disorders …

The cumulative science linking stress to negative health outcomes is vast. Stress can affect
health directly, through autonomic and neuroendocrine responses, but also indirectly …

Although prior research has examined how early adversity and chronic stress exposure
relate to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis responses to acute stress, to date, no …

Background: Anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been associated
with increased and blunted HPA axis reactivity to social stress. However, research focusing …

Stress is an ubiquitous phenomenon with significant impact on human physiology when it
lasts too long, when it is too intense, or when it hits vulnerable individuals. Examining the …

Effective coordination of the biological stress response is integral for the behavioural well‐
being of an organism. Stress reactivity is coordinated by an interplay of the neuroendocrine …

Acute psychosocial stress activates the physiological and endocrine stress systems and
increases the subjective emotional experience of stress. While considerable efforts have …

Stress is viewed as a state of real or perceived threat to homeostasis, the management of
which involves the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. These systems work …