Response to drug therapy varies considerably among individuals. Variations in genes
involved in drug disposition, and in eliciting drug response significantly contribute to …

Individual variability in drug efficacy and drug safety is a major challenge in current clinical
practice, drug development, and drug regulation. For more than 5 decades, studies of …

It is well recognized that most medications exhibit wide interpatient variability in their efficacy
and toxicity. For many medications, these interindividual differences are due in part to …

There is great heterogeneity in the way humans respond to medications, often requiring
empirical strategies to find the appropriate drug therapy for each patient (the “art” of …

The time is ripe to assess whether pharmacogenomics research—the study of the genetic
basis for variation in drug response—has provided important insights into a personalized …

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics involve the study of the role of inheritance in
individual variation in drug response, a phenotype that varies from potentially life …

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genetic factors affect the response to drugs (efficacy
and toxicity). Variation in genes can affect either a drug's pharmacokinetics (how the drug is …

Because most medicines have not been encountered by individuals of our species prior to
treatment, it follows that treatment could uncover a previously silent genetic predisposition or …

Despite the marked advances in drug therapy, some patients do not respond favorably or
suffer severe adverse drug effects. Pharmacogenetic studies have shown that …

Genetic information is increasingly used to optimize clinical treatment of patients, but
obstacles remain to practical implementation as well as challenges to our understanding of …