Purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder mainly characterized by
progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The 1-
methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD is widely used to …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that appears essentially
as a sporadic condition. PD is well known to be a chronic and progressive …

Formidable challenges for Parkinson's disease (PD) research are to understand the
processes underlying nigrostriatal degeneration and how to protect dopamine neurons …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive degeneration of dopamine (DA)
neurons and a chronic loss of motor functions. The investigation of progressive degenerative …

The characteristic brain pathology and motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's
disease (PD) are well established. However, the details regarding the causes of the disease …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the
progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although valuable animal …

A degradation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA-ergic) system is the key component of
pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Initial clinical symptoms appear 20–30 years …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic (DA) neuron death in the
substantia nigra (SN) and subsequent striatal adaptations. Mice treated with the neurotoxin …

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is widely used to induce an animal
model of Parkinsonism. The conventional mouse model, which usually involves acute or …