The complex process of regulating physiological functions and homeostasis during external
and internal disruptions develops slowly in altricial species, with parental care functioning as …

Current clinical literature and supporting animal literature have shown that repeated and
profound early-life adversity, especially when experienced within the caregiver–infant dyad …

Decades of research have informed our understanding of how stress impacts the brain to
perturb behavior. However, stress during development has received specific attention as this …

Trauma experienced in early life has unique neurobehavioral outcomes related to later life
psychiatric sequelae. Recent evidence has further highlighted the context of infant trauma as …

Highlights•Infants form attachment to their caregiver despite the quality of parenting.•Parents
program emotionality via regulation of infant physiology.•Parental nurturance and caregiver …

Across species, caregivers exert a powerful influence on the neural and behavioral
development of offspring. Increasingly, both animal and human research has highlighted …

Infant survival relies on rapid identification, remembering and behavioral responsiveness to
caregivers' sensory cues. While neural circuits supporting infant attachment learning have …

The early social interactions between parents and children are foundational to both the
neurobiological development of the child and the establishment of parental mental health …

Human infants need prolonged, intensive caregiving to survive and thrive. Human infants'
dependency is unlike many other newborn animals that are mobile shortly after birth …

This overview is a synthesis of our current understanding of parent–infant bonding, chiefly
from the perspective of the parent's brain physiology. The parent–infant bond is central to the …