Directly developing larvae of the butterfly Lycaena hippothoe sumadiensis exhibited two
growth strategies with one cohort passing four larval instars at high growth rates, and the …

During direct development the butterfly Lycaena tityrus was previously found to display sex‐
related reaction norms in response to temperature. Based on selection for protandry in …

We investigate sexual differences in reaction norms in directly developing individuals of the
copper butterfly Lycaena tityrus predicted from sexual selection theory. As recent studies on …

This study addresses the general hypothesis that insects living in seasonal environments
should shorten development times at progressively later dates in the growth season, and …

Life-history theory predicts some cost to be associated with short development time, the most
frequently assumed being small adult size. Alternatively, insects may increase …

Protandry, here defined as the earlier emergence of males, is a common feature in life
histories and could be the result of sexual selection on males to maximize matings, or …

In insects, the length of larval development time typically influences adult body size and
individual fitness, and hence development time can be expected to respond in an adaptive …

Climatic and biotic circumstances vary as seasons shift, and different cohorts of multivoltine
species are likely subjected to different selection regimes. The bivoltine butterfly Leptidea …

In ectotherms, temperature induces similar developmental and evolutionary responses in
body size, with larger individuals occurring or evolving in low temperature environments …

Seasonal phenotypic plasticity entails differential trait expression depending on the time of
season. The facultative induction of winter diapause in temperate insects is a developmental …