Illicit drug use is complex, hidden and often highly stigmatized behaviour, which brings a
vast challenge for drug surveillance systems. Drug consumption can be estimated by …

The consumption of illicit drugs causes indisputable societal and economic damage.
Therefore it is necessary to know their usage levels and trends for undertaking targeted …

Illicit drug use is a global phenomenon involving millions of individuals, which results in
serious health and social costs. The chemical analysis of urban wastewater for the excretion …

Wastewater analysis is a promising monitoring tool to estimate illicit drug consumption at the
community level. The advantage of this technique over traditional surveys and other …

Background The social and medical problems of drug abuse are a matter of increasing
global concern. To tackle drug abuse in changing scenarios, international drug agencies …

The analysis of illicit drugs in urban wastewater is the basis of wastewater‐based
epidemiology (WBE), and has received much scientific attention because the concentrations …

Obtaining representative information on illicit drug use and patterns across a country
remains difficult using surveys because of low response rates and response biases. A range …

Aims To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of
illicit drug use in a large E uropean population. Design Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1 …

The estimation of illicit drugs use through wastewater analysis has become an important
issue in the last few years due to their large worldwide consumption, which results in …

Background and aims Wastewater‐based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug
use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The …