Rapid effects of steroid hormones were discovered in the early 1950s, but the subject was
dominated in the 1970s by discoveries of estradiol and progesterone stimulating protein …

Remarkable progress in recent years has suggested that estrogen action in vivo is complex
and often involves activation of cytoplasmic signaling cascades in addition to genomic …

Sex steroid hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and androgen, mediate their
biological effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis through their …

Steroid hormones bind receptors in the cell nucleus and in the cell membrane. The most
widely studied class of steroid hormone receptors are the nuclear receptors, named for their …

Estrogens can stimulate the development, proliferation, migration, and survival of target
cells. These biological effects are mediated through their action upon the plasma membrane …

In addition to nuclear-initiated (genomic) responses, estrogen receptors (ERs) have the
ability to facilitate rapid, membrane-initiated, estrogen-triggered signaling cascades via a …

Estrogen mediates biological effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis
through estrogen receptor (ER). In addition to functioning as a ligand-activated nuclear …

Recent research has focused on effects of the estrogen receptor acting at the level of the cell
membrane in breast cancer. In this review we describe 17beta-estradiol (E2)-initiated …

In addition to their role as direct regulators of gene transcription mediated by classical
nuclear hormone receptors, steroid hormones have also been described to exert rapid …

Estrogen mimetics in the environment and in foods can have important consequences for
endocrine functions. When previously examined for action via genomic steroid signaling …