The brain and the spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS). The
functions of the human brain have been the focus of neuroscience research for a long time …

Transformer neural networks based on multi-head self-attention are effective in several
fields. To capture brain activity on electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and construct an …

Objectives How spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in its different modes suppresses pain is
poorly understood. Mechanisms of action may reside locally in the spinal cord, but also …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has a wide range of clinical applications, and there
is growing interest in neural oscillations and corticospinal excitability determined by TMS …

Background Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective therapy for patients with refractory
chronic pain syndromes. Although studies have shown that SCS has both spinal and …

Transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulatory
technique that has in recent years been linked to improved volitional limb control in spinal …

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to improve the consciousness levels of
patients with disorder of consciousness (DOC). However, the underlying mechanisms of …

Alzheimer's is a rapidly progressing disease that destroys brain nerve cells. Hence, there is
a need for an early diagnosis at its onset. Electroencephalography (EEG) is an inexpensive …

Recent advances in signal analysis have engendered EEG with the status of a true brain
mapping and brain imaging method capable of providing spatio-temporal information …

Purpose Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-intrusive technique that provides
comprehensive insights into the electrical activities of the brain's cerebral cortex. The brain …