Pain plays an indispensable role as an alarm system to protect us from dangers or injuries.
However, neuropathic pain, a debilitating pain condition caused by damage to the nervous …

Emerging evidence indicates that microglia play a critical role in the pathogenesis of
neuropathic pain, a debilitating chronic pain condition that can occur after peripheral nerve …

Neuropathic pain is the most important type of chronic pain because it is refractory to
available medications. Neuropathic pain occurs after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) or nerve …

Neuropathic pain, a debilitating pain condition, is a common consequence of damage to the
nervous system. Neuropathic pain is often resistant to currently available analgesics. A …

ATP, acting via P2 purinergic receptors, is a known mediator of inflammatory and
neuropathic pain. There is increasing evidence that the ATP-gated P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) …

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic pain and represents a major clinical challenge.
The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying its development and maintenance are …

Microglia were described by Pio del Rio-Hortega (1932) as being the 'third element'distinct
from neurons and astrocytes. Decades after this observation, the function and even the very …

Microglia play an important role as immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS).
Microglia are activated in threatened physiological homeostasis, including CNS trauma …

Many pathological processes within the central nervous system are mediated by complex
interactions between neurons and resident glial cells. In the case of painful peripheral …

We have learned various data on the role of purinoceptors (P2X4, P2X7, P2Y6 and P2Y12
receptors) expressed in spinal microglia and several factors that presumably activate …