Pain, anxiety, fear, distress, and agitation are often experienced by children undergoing
medical treatment. Contributory factors may include separation from parents, unfamiliar …

Historically, children have been undertreated for pain and painful procedures. Many
practitioners believed that children neither remembered nor experienced pain to the same …

The interplay of pain, discomfort, and fear can cause agitation in critically ill children.
Therefore, sedation and analgesia are essential components in the intensive care unit …

The application of sedation/analgesia in paediatric patients is rapidly expanding as less
invasive, non-operative techniques of diagnosis and treatment are applied to the paediatric …

The indications for sedation in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patient are varied
ranging from short term use for various procedures to prolonged administration to provide …

Patients can present to the emergency department (ED) with pain from a wide range of
causes. In their efforts to diagnose and treat patients, emergency physicians perform …

Children often present to physicians and other medical practitioners with painful conditions
that require painful interventions. Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) refers to the …

Critically ill pediatric patients often require complex medical procedures as well as invasive
testing and monitoring which tend to be painful and anxiety-provoking, necessitating the …

Brea tar pit''for pediatricians, anesthesiologists, emergency medicine physicians,
radiologists, endoscopists, dentists, nurses, and hospital administrators. The goal of …

Significant pain and anxiety often accompany many forms of critical illness. The physiologic
stress induced by pain and agitation can impede recovery and the delivery of critical care …