Rationale Relapse into substance use is often triggered by exposure to drug-related
environmental cues. The magnitude of drug seeking depends on the duration of abstinence …

Drug addicts experience strong craving episodes in response to drug-associated cues.
Attenuating these responses using pharmacological or behavioral approaches could aid …

Drug craving critically depends on the function of the interoceptive insular cortex, and may
be triggered by contextual cues. However, the role of the insula in the long-term memory …

Rationale Drug addiction represents a pathological usurpation of neural processes involved
in learning and memory. Retrieval of drug-related memories can result in drug craving and …

The heterogeneous insular cortex plays an interoceptive role in drug addiction by signaling
the availability of drugs of abuse. Here, we tested whether the caudal part of the …

Prior studies suggest that the insular cortex (IC), and particularly its posterior region (the
PIc), is involved in nicotine craving and relapse in humans and rodents. The present …

Rationale Increasing evidence suggests that the anterior insular cortex (AIC) plays a major
role in cocaine addiction, being implicated in both impaired insight and associated decision …

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, and relapse during
abstinence remains the critical barrier to successful treatment of tobacco addiction. During …

Recent studies have indicated that the insula underlies affective learning. Although affective
learning is well-established in the development of opiate addiction, the role of insula in this …

Findings have shown that anterior insular cortex (aIC) lesions disrupt the maintenance of
drug addiction, while imaging studies suggest that connections between amygdala and aIC …