Publisher Summary This chapter addresses anesthesia and analgesia of more commonly
used unconventional species, including special physiologic considerations, structural …

Animals experiencing major invasive surgery during biomedical research must receive
appropriate and sufficient analgesia. The concept of pain management in veterinary …

We read with interest the report on pain assessment and alleviation strategies in UK
research establishments (Hawkins 2002). This outlined some of the pain assessment …

Most clinicians now accept that 'beneficial'effects of pain are limited (minimizing the extent of
an injury, encouraging rest, learning of avoidance behavior). In animals under direct …

In recent years, there has been an evolution in the understanding of the concept of pain in
animals, including, quite reasonably, that rather unusual animal-man. For many decades …

Veterinary anesthesia continues to evolve as a science and specialty within the veterinary
profession. The major drivers of change are advances in medical technology and …

The guidelines below were prepared by the American College of Laboratory Animal
Medicine (ACLAM) to expand upon the information provided by the Report of the AVMA …

Managing pain effectively in any species is challenging, but small mammals present some
particular problems. This clinical review focuses on pain assessment and pain alleviation in …

The refinement of experimental techniques represents an important opportunity to improve
the welfare of laboratory animals. Objective methods for the assessment of pain and distress …