Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are potent immune-stimulators that hold great potential in
vaccine adjuvants as well as cancer immunotherapy. However, TLR agonists in free form …

As effective tools for public health, vaccines prevent disease by priming the body's adaptive
and innate immune responses against an infection. Due to advances in understanding …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that play a critical role
in innate and adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRa) as vaccine adjuvant …

The generation of specific humoral and cellular immune responses plays a pivotal role in the
development of effective vaccines against tumors. Especially the presence of antigen …

Nanovaccine‐based immunotherapy can initiate strong immune responses and establish a
long‐term immune memory to prevent tumor invasion and recurrence. Herein, the assembly …

Immunotherapeutic approaches for treating cancer overall have been receiving a
considerable amount of interest due to the recent approval of several clinical formulations …

Epitope-based vaccine is a promising personalized cancer immunotherapy; however, a
simple and effective approach for its bulk manufacturing is challenging. Current vaccination …

Conspectus The immune system has evolved over time to protect the host from foreign
microorganisms. Activation of the immune system is predicated on a distinction between self …

The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on antigen presenting cells, especially dendritic
cells, offers several sensitive mediators to trigger an adaptive immune response, which …

Activated natural killer (NK) cells can kill malignant tumor cells via granule exocytosis and
secretion of IFN-γ, a key regulator of the TH1 response. Thus, mobilization of NK cells can …