Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women worldwide and remains a
clinical challenge. Addressing the unmet need for better therapeutics, we used our Dual …

MCF-7 cells are extensively used as a cell model to investigate human breast tumors and
the cellular mechanism of antitumor drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline …

Objectives: Bortezomib has been widely used to treat multiple myeloma and other
hematological malignancies. However, not much is known about its effect on solid tumors …

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant components of cancer-
microenvironment. They play important roles in cancer initiation, progression, and …

Although effective for the treatment of hematological malignancies, the FDA approved
proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib have limited efficacy in solid tumors …

Nearly 45,000 women are estimated to die from breast cancer in 2022 in the US alone [1, 2].
Breast cancer displays high heterogeneity with a wide spectrum of clinical, pathological, and …

Comprehensive treatment based on chemotherapy is regarded as the first-line treatment for
patients with unresectable or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) …

The proteasome plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle, neoplastic growth, and
metastasis. Bortezomib (VELCADE™; formerly PS-341, LDP-341, MLN341) is a novel …

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological cancer mortality. Despite
good response to surgery and initial chemotherapy, chemoresistance occurrence represents …

MELK is upregulated in various types of human cancer and is known to be associated with
cancer progression, maintenance of stemness, and poor prognosis. OTS167, a MELK …