Background: Phenols and phthalates may have immunomodulatory and proinflammatory
effects and thereby adversely affect respiratory health. Objective: We estimated the …

Background: There are increasing concerns over adverse effects of prenatal phthalate
exposure on the neurodevelopment of infants. Objectives: Our goal was to explore the …

Objective There is concern over the potential placental effects of prenatal phthalate
exposure, and the potential adverse effects of prenatal phthalate exposure require further …

Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are ubiquitous non-persistent
endocrine disrupting chemicals whose relation with infant birth size is not clearly …

Importance Exposure to phthalates may affect fetal growth, but previous studies are
inconsistent and have not explored the trimester-specific effects of phthalates on repeated …

This study enrolled 3266 pregnant women, to explore the relationship of prenatal phthalate
exposure with the risk of preterm birth and gestational age. All participants filled …

Background: Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of phthalate chemicals from a range
of consumer products. Previous studies have reported significant associations between …

Current evidence on the effects of prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on
birth size remains largely inconclusive. We aimed to investigate sex-specific associations …

Background: Prenatal exposure to mixtures of nonpersistent chemicals is universal. Most
studies examining these chemicals in association with fetal growth have been restricted to …

Background Pregnant persons are exposed ubiquitously to phthalates and increasingly to
chemicals introduced to replace phthalates. In early pregnancy, exposure to these …