Homeostasis is the maintenance of a healthy physiological equilibrium in a changing world.
Reactive (feedback, counter-regulatory) and predictive (feedforward, anticipatory) …

The neuropeptide hypocretin is also commonly referred to as orexin, since its orexigenic
action was recognized early. Orexin/hypocretin (OX) neurons project widely throughout the …

Orexins (hypocretins) are two peptides (orexin A and B) produced from the pre-pro-orexin
precursor and expressed in a limited region of dorsolateral hypothalamus. Orexins were …

Wakefulness and vigilance levels are required for maintaining purposeful activities and
motivated behaviours, which are often triggered by sensory information conveying external …

The orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and orexin-B/hypocretin-2 are neuropeptides synthesized by a
cluster of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area. Orexin neurons receive …

Orexins (OX-A and OX-B), also referred to as hypocretin 1 and 2, are neuropeptides
synthesized by neurons located in the perifornical and lateral regions of the hypothalamus …

Hypothalamic neurons that produce the peptide transmitters hypocretins/orexins have
attracted much recent attention. They provide direct and predominantly excitatory inputs to …

The orexins (or hypocretins) are neuropeptide transmitters made exclusively in
hypothalamic neurons that have extensive CNS projections. Previous studies reported that …

The basic elements of animal behavior that are critical to survival include energy, arousal,
and motivation: Energy intake and expenditure are fundamental to all organisms for the …

Highlights•Hypocretin modulates neural transmission in stress-related and reward-related
brain areas.•Interactions between hypocretin and CRF can produce negative affective …