Exposure to a single metal has been reported to damage renal function in humans.
However, information regarding the association between multiple-metal exposure and …

Metals are widespread pollutants in the environment which have been reported to be
associated with kidney dysfunction in many existing epidemiological studies. However, most …

Background Occupational and environmental exposures to toxic metals are established risk
factors for the development of hypertension and kidney disease in adults. There is some …

Objectives Although environmental exposure to multiple metals is common, epidemiological
studies on the associations of exposure to 23 metals with kidney function have not been …

Background Metal exposure were assumed to be closely related with declined renal
function, but the conclusions were controversial. We employed diverse statistical models …

Advances in proteomics have led to the identification of sensitive urinary biomarkers of renal
dysfunction that are increasingly used in toxicology and epidemiology. Recent animal data …

Previous studies have indicated that exposure to a single toxic metal can cause renal
tubular damage, while evidence about the effects of multimetal exposure on renal tubular …

Recently several studies reported that the renal toxicity of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) may
exist in even a low level exposure. In terms of the deterioration of tubular function, it affects …

[Background] Metal exposure is suspected to be correlated to kidney function. However, the
combined effects of co-exposing to multiple metals, especially both toxic and protective …

Methods Stratified random sampling and cluster sampling method of epidemiological
investigations were carried out in northern Guangdong province between April, 2011 and …