Smoking is a risk factor for adult-onset Crohn's disease (CD). Although passive smoking
from family members is a major concern, especially in pediatric CD, the number of existing …

Background The number of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in Japan has recently been
increasing. We examined the association between environmental factors and the …

8 Gut and Liver, Vol. 11, No. 1, January 2017 by prospectively asking them about their
smoking status at the time of the diagnosis to investigate if the self-reported smoking rates in …

The impact of maternal smoking and early life exposure to passive smoking in the
development of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] remains a subject of controversy. In an …

Adult cigarette smoking is associated with the development of Crohn's disease and
protection from the development of ulcerative colitis. Children usually are nonsmokers …

Abstract Background and Aims The long-term impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy
[MSDP] on the risk of Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] in adult offspring …

Background The highest prevalence of smoking in the United States is in Kentucky, where
smoking typically begins in childhood. The state has many patients who suffer from …

Objectives To examine the association between early-life smoking exposure and later risk of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Methods We followed 115,663 participants from the …

Objective This research investigated the association between childhood and adulthood
tobacco smoking exposure with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in Qatar …

Background Smoking may worsen the disease outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease
(CD), however the effect of exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke during childhood is …