In the field of biomechanics and motor control understanding movement coordination is
paramount. Motor synergies represent the coordination of neural and physical elements …

Understanding how the CNS copes with the redundancy of the musculoskeletal system is a
central aim in motor neuroscience and has important implications in the clinical scenario. A …

During muscle contractions, the muscle fascicles may shorten at a rate different from the
muscle-tendon unit, and the ratio of these velocities is its gearing. Appropriate gearing …

The phenomenon of agonist-antagonist muscle coactivation is discussed with respect to its
consequences for movement mechanics (such as increasing joint apparent stiffness …

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the neural representation of motor synergies.
The generation of synergies of motor commands and of the predicted patterns of their motor …

Meeting the challenge of assembling coherent organizations of very many muscles
characterizes a functional level of biological movement systems referred to as the level of …

The general topic of motor systems and their control can be considered at three hierarchical
levels: i) mechanical components and their properties; ii) control algorithms and their …

Inherent indeterminacy of neurobiological systems has been revealed by research on
coordination of multiarticular actions. We consider three important issues that these …

The paper discusses a neural modelling approach to synergy formation which is based on
the concept that the elastic properties of the human musculature not only represent a …

We describe several infl uential hypotheses in the field of motor control including the
equilibrium-point (referent confi guration) hypothesis, the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis …