The physical basis for fish schooling is examined using three-dimensional numerical
simulations of a pair of swimming fish, with kinematics and geometry obtained from …

The question of how individuals in a population organize when living in groups arises for
systems as different as a swarm of microorganisms or a flock of seagulls. The different …

Fish schooling is a common phenomenon that is assumed to have energy advantages, and
various fish schooling configurations have been observed. However, the underlying …

There is increasing evidence that fish gain energetic benefits from the hydrodynamic
interactions when they swim in a school. The most recent indications of such benefits are a …

It is a long-held perception that schooling swimming of fish can provide individuals in a
group with additional hydrodynamic benefits. However how fish maintain a stable schooling …

A potential benefit of swimming together in coordinated schools is to allow fish to extract
energy from vortices shed by their neighbours, thus reducing the costs of locomotion. This …

Fish schools are fascinating examples of macro-scale systems with collective behaviours.
According to conventional wisdom, the establishment and maintenance of fish schools …

Schooling in fish is linked to a number of factors such as increased foraging success,
predator avoidance, and social interactions. In addition, a prevailing hypothesis is that …

Schooling can provide fish with a number of behavioural and ecological advantages,
including increased food supply and reduced predator risk. Previous work suggests that fish …

Fish schooling is a remarkable biological behavior that is thought to provide hydrodynamic
advantages. Theoretical models have predicted significant reduction in swimming cost due …