In this paper we have reviewed the literature on Conditioned Taste Aversion (CTA) with
specific attention to the “apparent paradox” in this literature. This paradox refers to the fact …

Drug addiction is a medical condition, a chronic relapsing disease. As in other domains of
experimental medicine, appropriate experimental investigations are needed in order to …

Drug abuse and dependence define behavioral states involving increased allocation of
behavior towards drug seeking and taking at the expense of more appropriate behavioral …

Drug addiction is characterized by motivational disturbances such as compulsive drug
taking and episodes of intense drug craving. Recent advances using animal models of …

Highlights•Drug seeking is associated with reward neural circuitry activation.•Addiction
involves decreased brain reward and recruitment of brain stress systems.•The …

Addiction to drugs and alcohol is a dynamic and multi-faceted disease process in humans,
with devastating health and financial consequences for the individual and society at large …

The loss of control over drug use that characterizes addiction develops progressively over
time as a result of drug-induced changes in the brain. Chronic substance use leads to the …

Recent theories of drug dependence propose that the transition from occasional recreational
substance use to harmful use and dependence results from the impact of disrupted midbrain …

Addiction has long been characterized by diminished executive function, control, and
impulsivity management. In particular, these deficits often manifest themselves as …

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug intake, loss
of control over intake, and impairment in social and occupational function. Animal models …