Interpretation of the finding that positive-reinforcing drugs such as morphine also possess
possible aversive properties, as revealed by their ability to induce a conditioned taste …

Allostasis, originally conceptualized to explain persistent morbidity of arousal and autonomic
function, is defined as the process of achieving stability through physiological or behavioral …

The United States is stuck in its drug abuse metaphors and in po-larized arguments about
them. Everyone has an opinion. One side insists that'we must control supply, the other that …

It has been proposed that the conditioned taste aversion paradigm may be used to achieve
rapid training of subjects in drug discrimination studies. We report here that amphetamine …

Two major questions about addictive behaviors need to be explained by any worthwhile
neurobiological theory. First, why do people seek drugs in the first place? Second, why do …

People use a drug at a particular point in time because they like what it does to their brain.
Drugs modify mood, perception, and psychological state. This occurs through the …

The reinforcing (rewarding) effects of psychomotor stimulants (cocaine and amphetamine)
depend on the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system innervating the nucleus accumbens …

Addiction can be defined as drug-induced changes in the central nervous system (CNS) that
produce maladaptive alterations in spontaneous behavior and in the behavioral response to …

Addiction is increasingly understood as a neurobiological illness where repetitive substance
abuse corrupts the normal circuitry of rewarding and adaptive behaviors causing drug …

Impaired control in addiction involves a characteristic but obscure kind of partial control.
Certain aspects of control over drug use are clearly reduced, reflected in difficulty cutting …