It is well known that stress is a significant risk factor for the development of drug addiction
and addiction relapse. Remarkably, the cognitive processes involved in the effects of stress …

Although the focus on animal models of drug abuse has traditionally been on the
reinforcement processes underlying the initiation and escalation of drug intake, recently …

A decade ago, we hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from
voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by …

Alcohol dependence and drug dependence are subsumed in this chapter under the term"
drug addiction," which is conceived as a chronically relapsing brain disease characterized …

Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing mental illness involving severe motivational
disturbances and loss of behavioral control leading to personal devastation. The disorder …

Physical-dependence-based theories of addiction regard compulsive drug taking as the
behavioral manifestation of a desperate need to relieve aversive autonomic withdrawal …

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease, characterized by compulsive drug use.
Despite the fact that drug addiction affects millions of people worldwide, treatments for this …

Compulsive drug intake is a hallmark of addiction, yet a mechanistic understanding of this
process has been elusive. Drug use is initiated primarily to obtain the excitatory actions of …

Until recently, much of our knowledge of the neuropharmacology of addiction was derived
from animal studies, but we are now able to study the human brain directly and there is a …

RECENT SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES HAVE LED to a greater understanding of the
neurobiological processes that underlie drug abuse and addiction. These suggest that …