There is strong comorbidity between chronic pain and depression, although the neural
circuits and mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. By combining …

Depression can influence pain and vice versa, yet the biological mechanisms underlying
how one influences the pathophysiology of the other remains unclear. Dysregulation of …

BACKGROUND: Patients suffering chronic pain are at high risk of suffering long-lasting
emotional disturbances characterized by persistent low mood and anxiety. We propose that …

Antidepressants that block the reuptake of noradrenaline and/or serotonin are among the
first-line treatments for neuropathic pain, although the mechanisms underlying this …

Rationale Peripheral neuropathic pain is a chronic condition that may produce plastic
changes in several brain regions. The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is a crucial …

Background Pain affects both sensory and emotional aversive responses, often provoking
anxiety-related diseases when chronic. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the …

Stressful experiences seem to negatively influence pain perception through as yet unknown
mechanisms. As the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) nucleus coordinates many …

The locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenergic system is the main source of noradrenaline in the
central nervous system and is involved intensively in modulating pain and stress-related …

Central noradrenergic centers such as the locus coeruleus (LC) are traditionally viewed as
pain inhibitory; however, complex interactions among brainstem pathways and their …

Unlike physiological stress, which carries survival value, pathological stress is widespread
in modern society and acts as a main risk factor for visceral pain. As the main stress …