In the last 10 years HIV-1/human T-cell leukemia virus (HIV-1/HTLV) coinfection has
emerged as a worldwide health problem. The numbers of HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfections in …

Coinfections with HIV-1 and HTLV-I or HTLV-II have been associated with unique
immunophenotypes and an increased risk for development of neurodegenerative …

Leukocytes of persons coinfected with HTLV-2 and HIV-1 secrete chemokines that prevent
CCR5-dependent (R5) HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T cells and macrophages, with HTLV-2 …

Background Recent data have shown that HTLV-1 is prevalent among HIV positive patients
in Mozambique, although the impact of HTLV-1 infection on HIV disease progression …

So far, only two retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(type 1 and 2) and human
T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), have been recognized as pathogenic for humans …

Objectives: HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-
1) share the same routes of infection, making coinfection by these viruses a frequent finding …

The influence of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type II (HTLV-II) in individuals also
infected with HIV-1 is poorly understood. To evaluate the reciprocal influence of HTLV-II and …

The human retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1/HTLV-2 share similar routes of transmission but
cause significantly different diseases. In this review we have outlined the immune mediated …

Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type 1 and 2 are retroviruses that share the same routes
of transmission as HIV-1. Since these agents are prevalent simultaneously in different parts …

The first line of a host's response to various pathogens is triggered by their engagement of
cellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Binding of microbial ligands to these receptors …