Renal tissue injury initiates inflammatory and fibrotic processes that occur to promote
regeneration and repair. After renal injury, damaged tissue releases cytokines and …

Renal inflammation is the initial, healthy response to renal injury. However, prolonged
inflammation promotes the fibrosis process, which leads to chronic pathology and eventually …

After damage the kidney has the ability to repair itself. With mild injury this repair can result
in the return to a structural and functional state that is indistinguishable from normal …

Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway for many kidney lesions that lead to chronic
progressive organ failure. The tubulointerstitial space occupies up to 90% of kidney volume …

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and peritubular capillary rarefaction are major
hallmarks of chronic kidney disease. The tubulointerstitium consists of multiple cell …

Macrophages are found in normal kidney and in increased numbers in diseased kidney,
where they act as key players in renal injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Macrophages are …

The phenotypic heterogeneity and functional diversity of macrophages confer on them
complexed roles in the development and progression of kidney diseases. After kidney injury …

Monocytes/macrophages are highly involved in the process of renal injury, repair and
fibrosis in many aspects of experimental and human renal diseases. Monocyte-derived …

Chronic kidney disease involves renal inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular and
vascular atrophy. Macrophages seem to foster all of these histomorphological abnormalities …

Many types of kidney injury induce inflammation as a protective response. However,
unresolved inflammation promotes progressive renal fibrosis, which can culminate in end …