Thyroid hormone is essential for the regulation of energy metabolism, and for the
physiological function of virtually all tissues [1, 2]. The production of thyroxine (T4) by the …

The examination and understanding of thyroid function perturbations in the intensive care
unit (ICU) setting is often difficult, because the changes reflect apparent alterations in the …

In severe illness, profound changes occur in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The
observed decrease in serum concentration of both thyroid hormones and thyrotropin (TSH) …

The thyroid gland produces hormones that primarily regulate cellular metabolism, have wide-
ranging pleiotropic effects, and are essential for life. During critical illness, the most active …

The metabolic support of the critically ill patient is a relatively new target of active research
and little is as yet known about the effects of critical illness on metabolism. The nonthyroidal …

Context: Pronounced alterations in serum thyroid hormone levels occur during critical
illness. T3 decreases and rT3 increases, the magnitudes of which are related to the severity …

Aim An increased thyroxine requirement has been described in hypothyroid patients who
have chronic gastritis as well as in patients who are treated with drugs that modify the acidic …

Thyroid hormones are indispensable for normal growth, development and metabolism of
virtually every cell and organ (1, 2). The secretion of thyroid hormone is regulated by the …

There is ongoing controversy as to whether hormonal changes of the euthyroid sick
syndrome are predictors of poor outcome in sepsis and critical illness. In this prospective …

In critically ill patients, pronounced alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis
occur without any evidence for thyroid disease. T3 decreases and rT3 increases within a few …