Background: Traditional pain assessment methods have significant limitations due to the
high variability in patient reported pain scores and perception of pain by different individuals …

Introduction Pain is the unpleasant sensation and emotional experience that leads to poor
quality of life for millions of people worldwide. Considering the complexity in understanding …

Abstract Background and Objective: The automatic assessment of pain is vital in designing
optimal pain management interventions focused on reducing suffering and preventing the …

Artificial Intelligence in healthcare is growing quickly in diagnostics and treatment
management. Despite the quantity and variety of studies its role in clinical care is not clear …

Context Over 20% of US adults report they experience pain on most days or every day.
Uncontrolled pain has led to increased healthcare utilization, hospitalization, emergency …

Although proper pain evaluation is mandatory for establishing the appropriate therapy, self-
reported pain level assessment has several limitations. Data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) …

Given the high prevalence and associated cost of chronic pain, it has a significant impact on
individuals and society. Improvements in the treatment and management of chronic pain …

The collection of increasing amounts of data in health care has become relevant for pain
therapy and research. This poses problems for analyses with classical approaches, which is …

Traditional standards employed for pain assessment have many limitations. One such
limitation is reliability linked to inter-observer variability. Therefore, there have been many …

Shared decision making is crucial in the pain domain. The subjective nature of pain
demands solutions that can facilitate pain assessment and management. The aim of the …