… To test these predictions, we designed an experiment to assess the effect of temporal variation
in predation risk on larval growth, antipredator behaviour, morphology, and metamorphic …

… Temporal variation in risk should result in animals balancing the intensity of their response
with … As such, the independent and additive responses to generational, ontogenetic, and …

… temporal variation in predation risk are both important determinants of the magnitude of
antipredator responses… antipredator responses to acute predation risk by monitoring the foraging …

… Consistent with putative predation pressure, antipredator responses were more frequent
in regions with greater inferred predation pressure. Predator richness and latitude covaried …

… Anti-predator behaviors are influenced by a complex set of environmental, temporal, and
individual factors. We explored the effects of predator exposure and intraspecific interactions on …

… taking into account the temporal variation in risk, inherent within all predator–prey relationships,
so as to accurately reflect population-level antipredator response. We recommend that …

… Temporal variation of behavioral responses in the tadpoles … antipredator responses remain
unclear. Because of the costly nature of defense, prey must scale investments in antipredator …

… Sparrowhawks induce temporal variation in predation danger, therefore, individuals may …
This exploration score is a measure of activity that correlates with anti-predator boldness in our …

… In this study, we describe the anti-predator behavior of two closely related brown frogs,
Rana dalmatina and Rana latastei, and compare their structures of personality variation. We …

… Systematic evaluation of reactive anti-predator responses to … We had predicted that choice
of anti-predator response … the intensity at which the response was performed. Instead, we …