… accumbens (NAc; mesolimbic pathway) or medial prefrontal … recordings (showing unitary
encoding of RPE). For example, it … to the excitatory responses to aversive stimuli [47], and (5) …

… type encode motivational salience, being excited by both rewards and aversive stimuli, and
support the brain’s systems … to the mesolimbic system and negative feedback on the midbrain …

… result in the delivery of noxious or otherwise aversive stimulus, such as footshock, or a bitter
… encode threatening stimuli and threat avoidance, relative to positively valenced stimuli (…

… plasticity in the BLA as a fundamental neural mechanism underlying aversive learning. …
imply that dopamine may be driving aversive learning by an entirely different mechanism. …

… the neural circuit mechanism through which Drosophila reward-encoding dopaminergic …
Since a subset of VTA DANs have been found to respond to aversive stimuli such as electric …

… indicates that an aversive stimulus can itself become a target of compulsive attraction, under
certain conditions that recruit mesocorticolimbic incentive circuitry. Maladaptive attraction …

… 12c, n = 8, one-sample bootstrap test), suggesting that AIC neuron ensembles encoded the
timings of nose pokes. We then examined the nose poke-relevant responses of AIC neurons …

… While the mesolimbic dopamine system is known to be … in this neural circuit and their activation
is aversive in both … on real time dopaminergic responses to aversive stimuli and learned …

… neural circuits in detail. One of the key regions of the reward … receptor D2-expressing MSNs
(D2-MSNs) encode aversion. … , these also mediate/signal aversive stimuli, which is crucial to …

… Here, we review the past decade of optogenetic experiments to study the neural circuitry
of reinforcement and reward/aversion with a focus on the mesolimbic dopamine system and …