… only a few of the immunomodulatory properties that AMPs can exhibit. … a multifunctional
antimicrobial peptide with anti-biofilm, anti-… charge and provide strong antibacterial activity. Some …

… crobial potency (Sharma & Nagaraj, 2015). Some AMPs act more like immunomodulators
than … Nisin significantly improves the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of many antibiotics, …

… by D-enantiomeric peptide DJK-5, L-enantiomeric peptide 1018, … defense peptides (HDPs)
(also termed antimicrobial peptides) … with immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and anti-biofilm …

… –melittin hybrids, and showed that the antimicrobial activity of the D-enantiomeric versions
was equivalent to that of L-parental peptides. They also found that the mechanisms of action …

… its D-enantiomeric alteration (Pro10-1D). Among all tested … including antimicrobial and
immunomodulatory activities [8,9]. … 1D showed higher antibacterial as well as anti-biofilm activities …

… few key examples of antimicrobial peptides that are naturally … The immunomodulatory
potential of the peptides from the … d-enantiomeric form of amino acids and have shown strong …

… as potent alternative treatments to conventional antibiotics … Antimicrobial peptides, cationic
peptides with innate immune … , intracellular alteration and/or immunomodulation 9 . They have …

… Antimicrobial peptides have recently attracted much attention … C–C terminals ones in
antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity, … dimer peptides exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against …

… from direct antimicrobial activity to antibiofilm and immunomodulatory … for potent antibiofilm
sequences to combat antibiotic … peptides identified to date is a D-enantiomeric peptide, DJK-5…

… Intriguingly, YS12 revealed a strong antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) value ranging from 6 to 12 μg/ml for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative …