… Figure 1 Three stages of addiction: blue is binge and intoxication (reward, incentive
salience), red is withdrawal and negative affect (reward deficit and stress surfeit), and green is …

… Given the significance of gut bacteria in obesity, stress, and … and drug abuse ( Volkow et al.,
2017 ) and the key roles of stress and reward processing in the development of addiction, we …

… a reward system disorder. This study contains striking results in terms of pointing out that
addiction is … segments of society and that a behavioral addiction such as SA can occur even in …

… One of the leading theories of addiction is the Reward Deficiency Model of Addiction. This
model proposes that addictive substances evoke activation in brain regions that receive …

… A major preexisting vulnerability to addiction revolves around the concept of “reward
deficiency” – decreased ability to derive pleasure and satisfaction from the normal events of daily …

… reward (or reduced negative mood) makes future gaming behavior more likely and, over time,
may lead to distorted anticipatory reward … and attention toward addiction-related cues. This …

… negative affect also contribute to drug addiction via the anti-reward/stress system in the
extended … suffering with substance abuse disorder often experience comorbid mental disorders; …

… a central role of affective dysregulation and stress-reactivity (47–51). The present research
builds on a dual-deficit theory of reward deficiency and stress surfeit in addiction (52). Our …

… Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by continued substance misuse
despite harmful consequences. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is specific to the maladaptive …

… cases with known histories of substance abuse, childhood abuse, and … Addiction Risk Score
(GARS) test results have been used to repair inheritable deficiencies within the brain reward …