… can also survive antibiotic attack by adopting a tolerant phenotype. In the case of persistence,
only a small fraction within an isogenic population switches to this antibiotic-tolerant state. …

… The same may apply to the recently described S-cells [24], which again may be … Highly
tolerant Escherichia coli cells that persist in the presence of the β-lactam ampicillin (“…

… in the population, antibiotic persistence and tolerance have distinct fitness trade-offs. Our data
show that antibiotic persistence is a … cells are all kept in the same recalcitrant state. Even if …

… tolerance detection, as the tolerant population may readily be killed with another antibiotic,
whereas continued treatment with the same … that increase tolerance or persistence fraction …

… We describe the relationship between antibiotic persistence … bacterial persistence and
tolerance with the evolution of antibiotic … of antibiotics, which are fatal to other strains of the same …

… a small fraction of a population (named persisters) exhibit a tolerant … is not clear, we will
use the term ‘increased antibiotic survival’ 19 , 20 to encompass both tolerance and persistence. …

… We review how some aspects of antibiotic persistence have been directly … antibiotic (this
means that persistence and tolerance are the same if 100% of the population is persistent…

… cells, so that non-antibiotic alternative strategies are currently under development. … in antibiotic
tolerance and persistence in P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. A review of the antimicrobial …

… Figure 1 Formation of the antibiotic-tolerant persistence state (according to our hypothesis).
(… that bacteriostatic antibiotics, recognizing the same primary targets as BCAs, do not trigger …

… as tolerance or dormancy. In this review we focus on ‘antibiotic persistence’ which we broadly
define as a … important aspect of persistence: it is not the same for all antibiotics. Although …