… of mechanisms explaining bacterial resistance to antibiotics have been … antibiotic resistance
via active removal of the antibiotic from the cell, enzymatic modifications of the antibiotic, …

… are key components to understand and manage the resistance … antibiotic pollution, in
resistance evolution, in transmission and as a mere reflection of the regional antibiotic resistance …

… Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest worldwide challenges to … -drug resistant bacteria
such as methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi-drug resistant …

… In this Review, we explore the mechanisms of resistance and outline the clinical … antibiotic
resistance via reduction in intracellular drug accumulation (reduced permeability and antibiotic …

… Antibiotic resistance appears inevitable, and there is a continuous lack of interest in investing
in new antibiotic research … some new strategies for tackling antibiotic resistance in bacteria. …

… Although there are many different classes of antibiotics, in this review… antibiotic resistance.
Table 1 summarizes the mechanisms of action and resistance of the main groups of antibiotics…

… the potential to prevent the post-antibiotic era from being a reality [6]. … antibiotics, global
strategies regarding this threat, mechanism of action of antibiotics as well as antibiotic resistance …

… antibiotic persistence, is still largely underestimated. In contrast to antibiotic resistance,
antibiotic … In this review, we focus on bacterial mechanisms allowing evasion of antibiotic killing …

… To develop a criterion for identifying ABR resistant patients, hospitals, and environments, the
WHO has prioritized the detection of resistant bacteria harboring antibiotic resistance genes …

Objective Epidemiological surveillance is one critical approach to estimate and fight against
the burden of antibiotic resistance (AR). Herein, we summarize the characteristics of …