… By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a
more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at …

… astaxanthin is a mixture of three optical isomers in a ratio of S-meso-R 1:2:1 [28]. However,
the functional structure of chemically synthesized astaxanthin is … be made in these aspects: …

… We recently reported that astaxanthin modulated mitochondrial functions by a novel
mechanism independent of its antioxidant function. In this paper, we review astaxanthin’s well-…

… A total of 15 AST-MEs, 12 AST-DEs, 3 astaxanthin monoesters, and 4 other carotenoids … of
astaxanthin due to its strong absorption bands in the visible region. The molecular structure of …

… upstream and downstream processing of astaxanthin from this microalga. This review covers
all aspects regarding the production and the market of natural astaxanthin from H. pluvialis. …

… the biological properties of astaxanthin (antioxidant, … astaxanthin, also by means of the
innovative extraction techniques. This review presents a comprehensive approach to astaxanthin. …

… This has made the cost of astaxanthin expensive, prompting pharmaceutical and … switch
over to synthetic astaxanthin. This review discusses the chemical character of astaxanthin, more …

… In addition to the protective effects of astaxanthin in various chronic and acute diseases, we
… of astaxanthin in infectious diseases, and give our view that the exact function of astaxanthin …

… The use of astaxanthin is broadly utilized in medical … Understanding astaxanthin's structure,
source, and mode of … This review article aims to clarify the important aspects of astaxanthin …

… the effect of astaxanthin on the immune function and its safety in … to evaluate the safety of
astaxanthin. Compared with the … In the aspect of humoral immunity, astaxanthin can increase …