… delivering outputs to the brainstem motor control centre. … humans results in deteriorated
mood (including anxiety) compared with controls. Furthermore, the mood deterioration correlated …

… and defence which we hypothesise to be present – and highly relevant clinically. The human
… of the body in accessing core states; the organic nature of human emotional healing; the …

… of defensive behavior and threat processing has used Pavlovian threat conditioning (PTC)
[7]. This research has shown that the amygdala plays a crucial role in defensive … defensive …

… It plays a pivotal role in mediating defensive states, as it … areas as well as to the brainstem
ultimately causing the execution of … states in humans. In animals, however, only observational …

… CS presentation, which was correlated with the CR amplitude … large size and output to specific
brainstem centers, rostral FN … integrated defensive states might more prominent in humans…

… the larger brainstem network. An exception was k3, which showed weak firing correlations
with … observed in the human brainstem 8 . Direct manipulation of error-related activity in the …

… only poorly correlated to raw HR but well correlated with HR-… in future studies to determine
how brainstem and higher-order … However, higher-order defensive states derived from human …

… state, it resembles the respiratory defensive reflexes of … Respiratory defensive behaviors in
human and other species … , which showed relatively strong correlations between Cluster 1 in …

… TI duration and reduces other defensive responses to threatening … Mammals TI and human
cataplexy are innate responses … and other brainstem structures and relevant to TI modulation. …

… We suspect the reported correlations have little to do with … It includes vocalization,
squirming and targeted defensive … human patients in an unresponsive wakeful state (vegetative …