… , caregivers often respond to infant gestures by labeling the object of their attention to
scaffold language development (eg a parent may respond to an infant’s pointing … in object-directed …

… that caregivers modify these object-directed actions in ways … caregivers to also employ more
multimodal cues in response … at the same time if the caregiver pointed with one hand while …

… infants who produce more gestures tend to elicit more labelling responses from their caregivers.
… We see that infant pointing and requesting were the only types of gestures that elicited …

… more labels when their infants and toddlers pointed than when they produced any other kind
of gesture. In addition, the mothers' labelling responses to pointing … caregiver and infant with …

… looked longer in response to verbs appearing in infrequent … by infants’ and mothers’ gaze
and object-directed manual actions, … forms are more variable than object labels during actions). …

… on recent discoveries in infant cognition to show that pointing also serves an interrogative
(“… birthday, caregivers respond to information requests with labels more frequently than with …

… process by which caregivers' object-directed interactions and … ), mothers responded more
often with object labels to infants' … responding to infants' pointing. High-SES families may also …

… pointing gestures are object-directed communicative actions. … and communicative actions
such as pointing and labeling. … been more likely to await the actor’s emotional response at …

… Because caregiver verbal feedback occurring when infants … source labels that identify the
source of vocalizations (target infant, … between caregiver IDS and infant object directed actions. …

… infants to respond to averted gaze more like 12-month-old infants when this gaze was coupled
with object-directed … shown at the bottom; fixations are labeled at the top, with their onset …