… In response to communicative acts, infants can create … , we propose that when infants witness
a labeling event, or any … the claim that infants understand object-directed communication. …

… provide more labeling responses to pointing when … pointing frequency in infants seven
months later (Kishimoto, 2017). It is theorized that this high rate of labeling response by caregivers …

… of age, as infant respond to familiar kind labels by setting up kind-… ostensive communication
and object-directed referential actions. … All caregivers provided written informed consent. …

… properties and labels. Data from naturalistic tasks show that … Caregivers also provide
linguistic and object-directed infor… the response time by subtracting the time the response text …

… to their object-directed vocalizations with object labels. The … , contingent caregiver feedback
to infant vocalizations also … hat or headband – one pointing slightly upwards, one slightly …

… that caregiver vocal responses to babbling would be more effective … response Vocal and
Non-vocal co-occurring Labeling a toy … Caregiver touching or pointing to objects, and smiling at …

… -old children did not exhibit consistent reactions to their mother’s … vision, offering fewer verbal
labels and descriptions. Significantly… ); (b) object-directed gaze (ie, the infant is exploring or …

… eye contact and others’ object-directed gaze selectively increased infants’ object encoding
… to be studied in relation to their subsequent behavioral and neuronal response to the object. …

… behaviour in response to changes in infant attention and cognitive engagement. Finally…
pointed towards. As early as 12 months, infants have also been found to learn object labels better …

… As part of caregiver-mediated interventions, parents are … The assessor did not provide any
verbal directions or labels during … infants verbally respond to infant gestures more than infant …