… multiple access (TDMA) have been applied to reduce interference by enhancing the signal
to noise ratio … in this article, for route 2 to be an optimum route, its devices must also have …

… based, posture-based, cross-layer, cluster-based, and QoS … TDMA cycle into the following
sub-cycles: (a) controller sub-… optimized mobility supported energy efficient routing protocol …

… CICADA [41] outperforms its other competing cross-layer … TDMA, which is better suited for
static networks with a small … fault in an effort to improve the duty cycle, which is a crucial factor …

… (MACA) was developed for wireless local area networks (LANs) [… TDMA-based protocols
have a built-in duty cycle that enables … Routing may also be designed and optimized to support …

… route failure from congestion in mobile ad hoc network. [48] … For WBAN (Wireless Body Area
Network) an architecture [27] … Moreover, in [24] TDMA-MAC layer based cross-layer model …

… is based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), which … Maximum lifetime has been
achieved through optimization … The cluster and cross-layer based protocols are taking care of the …

… of two cross-layer routing techniques of optimized … from the materialistic layer, related to
low duty cycle TDMA at the layer of MAC. The techniques of routing (ie, shortest path routing (…

… Cross-layer routing protocols are considered unsuitable for … , it selects an alternate sub-optimal
path to ensure reliable … transmission using the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access…

… protocol with TDMA/CSMA is used with local routing cases. … [86] adjusts the duty cycle using
two parameters, including the … cross-layer approaches, the network layer involves different …

… a TDMA system and taking various modulation schemes into … ), routing, and physical layers
into a cross-layer architecture. The principal aim is to optimize the lifespan of the network by …