… The resulting back surface field, created by a gradient in electron … When the absorber is
deposited via the multi-stage co-… More sophisticated methods are needed to study the effect of …

… A certified Si solar cell was used for calibration. Capacitance… of a multi-stage deposition
with indicative Cu, In, Ga … In the first and second approach, we implemented steeper gallium …

… energy by utilizing the photovoltaic effect. In simple terms, a … The crucial component of any
solar cell device is absorber … across the absorber layer gives rise to the bandgap grading. …

… highly efficient solar cell devices, the Cu(In,Ga)S2 absorber … diffusion rates of gallium and
indium during absorber growth. In … the multi-stage deposition methods described in Section 3.6. …

… the (Ag,Cu)(Ga,In)Se 2 system and its impact on the solar cell … and gallium are evaporated
leading to the desired final Cu,Ag-… Details about the used multi-stage (A)CIGS deposition tool …

… This contribution focuses on the introduction of gallium in the … influence re-evaporation
effects during layer formation. Both … ., “Cu deficiency in multi-stage co-evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 …

… The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers with high-gallium content have … For all solar cell samples
mentioned in this thesis a … of the absorber with the modified recipe and the multi-stage process is …

… impact of GGI increase is their relative amount within layer B. … absorbers synthesized by this
process achieved solar cell … the lowered gallium content of absorbers surfaces independent …

… the copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CIGSe) absorber layer, with a … resistive effects causes
a dissipation of powers in the solar cell, … Their presence in the solar cell absorber is highly …

… NaF to obtain thin-film solar-cell devices on polyimide (PI) … thermal deformation, and the effect
became more significant with … at 520 C due to lower absorber film quality. Longer treatment …