… dubia cultures were collected from during the Summer of 2021. … The values for conductivity,
alkalinity, and hardness are only … sex of the test organisms, and they can reproduce without a …

… The sufficient content of the alkaline-earth metals’ ions (calcium, magnesium) is one of the
im… test method: test of reproduction and survival using the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia. …

… dubia after 7 days of exposure at low water hardness (< 6 mg/L … dubia neonates obtained
from an in-house culture … collected water, Halfway Creek displayed the highest alkalinity values …

… 20% effect concentrations (EC20s) for reproduction (Table 2). … Test organisms were obtained
from a culture (genetic strain … from the high-alkalinity waters. In the first round of chronic …

… subcapitata, the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia, and the … hardness water that was prepared
with a balanced alkalinity (… 25 mL of water/food ration) with reproduction being tracked to …

… -hard synthetic water and allowed to reproduce. Each … cultures, as well as the absence of
toxicants and no large differences in water quality (dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, alkalinity…

… Ceriodaphnia dubia mass cultures were raised in 2-L glass … Natural field-collected water
contains background alkalinity … and reproduction, our results suggest that BML surface water …

… , pH, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, and ammonia) were … , with a possible trade-off of
less emphasis on replication. … the same culture and the same culture and test water sources…

… (ie, test b) produced reproductive effects in winter water for … .) from an in-house culture.
Aeration was not provided for any of the … which play a main role in water hardness. The exposure …

… develop, grow, and reproduce in the ecosystem (chronic effects). … of water quality
measurements such as hardness, alkalinity, … Results of 7-day Ceriodaphnia dubia and fathead …