… and resistant to conventional oral antifungals. Fungal biofilm formation is a multistage … or
mucosal), followed by the proliferation of fungal cells over the surface and induction of hyphal …

… -specific drugs in the market that effectively treat biofilm … of fungal biofilms to standard
antifungal drugs is complex and multifactorial. Biofilms provide physical protection from antifungal …

… fungal biofilms are intrinsically resistant to known antifungal … , combined with high-dose
antifungals. However, removing … albicans biofilms restricts penetration of antifungals, thereby …

… facilitates filamentous fungal cell survival in the presence of high-dose antifungals (40). …
fungal biofilms and facilitate fungal survival in the face of contemporary antifungal therapies. …

… biofilms, is limited. Here we provide a historical perspective on antifungal agents and therapy
of Candida biofilms… the development of novel antifungals and other alternative approaches …

… The in vitro planktonic susceptibility testing was performed in order to determine the minimum
inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the tested antifungals, to establish the concentration …

… Another important aspect of biofilms, providing increased tolerance to antifungals and
protection from the immune system, is the extracellular polymer matrix produced by …

… Due to biofilm resistance, there is an urgent need for … antifungals that might cope with the
ability of fungal pathogens to establish biofilms with recent studies highlighting potential biofilm …

… to contemporary antifungal drugs. We highlight gaps in our understanding of biofilm … to
aid in the development of novel antifungal therapies capable of killing filamentous fungal …

… [74,75,76]: (i) EPM acts as a physical barrier, preventing the entry of antifungals to biofilms,
by either slowing drug diffusion or through specific sequestration mechanisms [74], with EPM …