… To assess the underlying mechanism, we examined key … could remodel tumor
microenvironment by enhancing tumor … Tumor-promoting inflammatory cells such as macrophages …

… and angiogenesis) create a tumor-promoting niche (TPN). The … PDGF, bFGF, VEGF, hepatocyte
growth factor (HGF) and TGF-… our understanding of key drivers of tumor progression and …

… their roles as potential key players in targeting liver cancer. … In HCC, the transcription factor
interferon regulatory factor-1 (… protumorigenic CAFs and other tumor-promoting cells. Liver …

… growth factor β1 (TGF-β1); hepatocyte growth factor; … (22) The tumor-promoting functions
by CAFs in CCA are … and play a key role in proliferation and metastasis in many cancer types. …

… it is clear that key steps of tumor development and progression … Of note, Erα and GPER
mediate tumor-promoting responses … been shown that EGF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), bFGF…

… To a large extent, the effect of this immunotherapy depends on the tumor immune
microenvironment (TME), an intricate system in which cancer cells and other non-cancer cells …

… the key components of the tumor microenvironment that take … (ii) N2-polarized TANs have
tumor-promoting properties. The … and growth factors are responsible for hepatic stellate cell …

… is also supported by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted by … NK cells are the key players
in immune surveillance against … Immune components known for tumor-promoting roles are …

… the tumor microenvironment can regulate tumor development… of proline residues in HIFα is
the key factor for VHL binding. PHD … , and contains tumor cells, cytokines, growth factors, and …

… characterization of the tumor microenvironment is still needed … via vascular endothelial
growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 17 … to modulate the liver tumor microenvironment (TME) have …