Abstract Objective Snyder's (1994) hope and Scheier and Carver's (1985) optimism have
been shown to independently predict academic performance and changes in subjective well-
being. This study seeks to clarify their unique associations. Method An undergraduate class
(N= 334, 59.6% female, 75.7% Caucasian, M= 19.89 years) was studied at two time points in
a semester. Students predicted their expected grade in the course and completed measures
of hope, optimism, and subjective well-being (ie, positive affect, negative affect, and life …