Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in chronic secondary health conditions
related to autonomic and metabolic dysfunction. Epidural electrical stimulation (EES)
combined with task-specific training has been shown to enable motor function in individuals
with chronic paralysis. The reported effects of EES on secondary health conditions, such as
bladder function and body composition, are limited. We report the impact of EES on SCI-
related secondary health changes in bladder function and body composition. Methods: Two …

In the recent case report by Beck et al., 1 the authors discuss off-target effects of spinal cord
epidural stimulation combined with task-specific motor training on two key secondary
consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI), bladder function and body composition. The focus
of the report is appreciated, as lower urinary tract impairment is an area of highest priority
post-SCI and historically, has had a dramatic negative impact on overall health and quality
of life. 2–4 As acknowledged by the authors, spinal cord epidural stimulation of the …