… coreceptor utilization or even lead to coreceptor switching, … genetic barrier for survival
fitness to the coreceptor switching, … tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc Natl …

… The human immunodeficiency viruses can induce two types of … , by host's immunity, whether
intrinsic, innate, or adaptive. … immune barriers against the normally highly pathogenic HIV-1, …

… The latent reservoir remains the primary obstacle for cure … conformational change that reveals
an additional co-receptor … total HIV-1 gene expression via a virally intrinsic latency program…

… the safety, effectiveness, and constraints of the existing … In infected cells, the human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 … half-lives and significant intrinsic antiretroviral efficacy. …

… them the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) and … the constraints of a more
rigid viral membrane, as is the one … Third, Env proteins differ also with respect to the co-receptor …

… (HIV) type 1 was estimated to be 2.8 million. Owing to … for which the intrinsic genetic nature
of the virus, such as Vpr … can serve as a barrier for chimpanzee-to-gorilla virus transmission. …

Host restriction factors affect different phases of a viral life cycle, contributing to innate immunity
as the first line of defense against viruses, including HIV-1. These restriction factors are …

… Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into … , 120]) is not an absolute barrier
to their use as immunogens, … generality and intrinsic nature of the observed Env phenotypes. …

… a final common pathway with intrinsic apoptosis (see section “Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis”).
… One of the main challenges to HIV-1 eradication is the development of latent infection in a …

… bearing a single mouse-informed amino acid change (tyrosine in place of cysteine at position
… Cell-intrinsic barriers to human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) replication can confer life-…