… hepatotoxins. PCR is a well known as a technique to detect all potentially cyclic peptide
hepatotoxin (microcystin … insight into the evolution of the microcystin and nodularin synthetases, …

… , urban, and industrial development have increased the … cyanobacteria that can cause
hepatotoxicity in humans and … polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 430.2 kDa [63]. …

… During recent years, molecular biologist’s identified mcyA to … to produce hepatotoxin - a cyclic
heptapeptideof microcystins, [13… family has its own evolutionary phylogenetic tree history. It …

… of potent hepatotoxins—MCs and NODs—are produced through non-ribosomal peptide …
[22,23] enabled the development of molecular detection methods for identifying all the main …

… Microcystins are a group of hepatotoxic cyclic heptapeptides that … in Microcystis are related
to evolutionary history and … to using molecular detection in the management of Microcystis …

… Figure 1b clearly illustrates the development of MC detection … laboratory identified the
MlrA active site through molecular … hepatotoxins by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 [106]. …

… toxic microcystins (MCs) perform complex interactions with many proteins that induce cellular
dysregulation, leading to the development … to be a potent hepatotoxin with a wide range of …

… Although Microcystins are technically cyclic peptides, the Adda moiety projected outside the
ring … Evolutionary analysis coupled to molecular biology demonstrated that one of the first …

… other hepatotoxic insults could potentiate microcystin toxicity … knowledge for microcystin
toxicokinetics, molecular toxicology, … factors contribute to the development of chronic diseases. …

… One of the most prevalent cyanotoxins in nature is microcystins (MCs), a class of cyclic
heptapeptide hepatotoxins, and they are produced by several common cyanobacteria in aquatic …