… Inflammatory bowel diseases are multifactorial diseases commonly treated with either
immunomodulatory drugs or anti–tumor necrosis factor … with the formation of antibodies to anti-TNF …

… necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) is a pleiotropic pro‑inflammatory … as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory
bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, … of antinuclear antibodies and IgM antibodies to double-…

… molecular mechanisms that place TNFα as a source of resistance to immunotherapy such
as monoclonal antibodies … There is a study on inflammatory bowel disease in patients with a …

… clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of stem cell-, antibody- and small molecule-based …
, and excessive secretion of inflammatory mediators, mainly tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), …

… Vedolizumab (VDZ) is an anti-α4β7 integrin monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment
of … cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) and disrupts leukocyte trafficking to areas of …

… necrosis factor (TNF) with biologic agents, such as infliximab and adalimumab, is a widely
used and effective therapeutic strategy in inflammatory bowel … targeting molecules different …

… rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease seems … molecules and chemokines,
leading to further secretion of … a combination of neutralising antibodies against both TNF and …

… TNF-alpha inhibitors are remarkable in treating inflammatory bowel disease and … monoclonal
antibody that was humanized and converted into an immunoglobulin G (IgG1) molecule (…

… -23-dependent pathway of inflammation [16]. One could speculate that it is the “pressure”
maintained on TNF-mediated immune-inflammation that may favor this escape mechanism and …

… .1, 2, 3 Anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents have changed … and BAE for inflammatory
bowel disease and who was blinded … at a molecular level between the SB and colon that could …