Objectives: While opioids temporarily alleviate pain, the overshoot of balancing pain drivers
may increase pain, leading to opioid induced hyperalgesia (OIH). Our goal was to find out …

… antagonist with highest affinity for the μ-opioid receptor [3]. … , a study of oxycodone +
ultra-low-dose naltrexone found … of central sensitization is attenuated. The inflammatory milieu …

… to severe nociceptive and neuropathic pain that is not cured by … as a competitive antagonist
of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), … in conjunction with ultra-low-dose naltrexone rapidly reverses…

… NTX is a non-selective competitive antagonist with high affinity for µ-opioid … neuropathic
pain by L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation, it was demonstrated that oxycodone plus ULDN attenuated …

… Finally, ultra low-dose naltrexone (<0.001 mg) is involved in … mechanisms of action including
µ-opioid agonism, serotonin … with oxycodone attenuates neuropathic pain and reduces …

… Full-dose naltrexone’s binding to the µ-opioid receptor … calcium channels, attenuating the
excitability of neurons. … After opioid therapy with oxycodone doses of up to 242 morphine …

… The exposure to opioids induces counteradaptations at the µ-opioid receptor (MOR) and its
… MOR signalling, attenuated OIH. We also tested, the effects of this ultra-low dose of naloxone…

… is much less than other μ opioid agonists and does not cause … Concomitant administration
of an ultra-low dose of an opioid … their analgesic effects and attenuate adverse effects. The …

… μ-opioid receptor (MOR) binding effects of traditional Chinese acupuncture versus sham
acupuncture were found in chronic pain … -up mechanisms in neuropathic pain. Anandamide and …

… Methadone was probably the drug of choice because of its effects not only on the µ-opioid …
Animal studies have shown that NMDA receptor antagonists can attenuate or resolve OIH. …