… Over time, anesthesiologists identified meperidine as an effective primary spinal anesthetic
… In addition, animal studies and human clinical studies have also shown that meperidine and …

… IT administration of ziconotide allows linear pharmacokinetics in its distribution in the CSF,
with a half-life of … People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. …

… Results were limited to human studies in English language. Searches were conducted on
March … were necessary for the use of intrathecal meperidine for spinal anesthesia, continuous …

… The information provided below is a culmination from a variety of animal species, including
humans, with important species differences noted throughout the sections. Species-specific …

… major determinant of IT pharmacokinetics. Other relevant factors … and human experiments
indicates that hydrophilic opioids … , IT buprenorphine, pethidine (meperidine), diamorphine and …

… Then, we delineate the general pharmacology of neuraxial drug administration, with
particular attention to specific aspects of epidural and intrathecal pharmacokinetics and …

… From a pharmacokinetic point of view, after administration, morphine undergoes sequential
… in morphine metabolism have been reported between humans and rodents. In particular, …

… Results: Variances in intrathecal pharmacokinetics and … In humans, CSF-specific drug
dispersion is thought to be … understanding of intrathecal pharmacokinetics is utilized to …

… bioavailability of midazolam because … , midazolam) may cause widespread neuronal
apoptosis and long-term memory deficits in animals, although this remains unlikely in humans, …

… This paved the way for human application, a domain first studied by Wang in 1979. … a
pharmacokinetic study of intrathecal morphine in which the effectsite concentration of the morphine …